![]() ![]() ![]() In Islam the year is measured by the lunar cycle and eventually the crescent moon shape became the symbol of Islam. Scientists linked the moon’s movement through the sky and its phases with the passing of time and formed a basis for the lunar calendar. ![]() The study of the rotation of the moon was an original contribution of Islamic astronomers. The moon was considered the “planet” closest to the Earth, then Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The general understanding of the cosmos at the time of the medieval period was that surrounding the Earth was a series of concentric circles or spheres in which the seven known planets traveled in. Medieval Islamic astrology continued to develop further with the introduction of new observations, astronomical instruments, and mathematical calculations. Living by the Stars: Astronomy and Astrology in Islamic ArtĪstronomy, “the science of the stars”, and astrology, “the science of the judgment of the stars” were introduced to the Arabs by Greek sources and translated into Arabic during the 8 th and 9 th centuries. ![]()
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